Supplement to Ibn Sina’s Logic
Appendix B: Quantified Hypotheticals
B.1 Quantified Conditional Propositions with Quantified Parts
B.1.1 Universal affirmative conditional
1. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))aa | Always, if every A is B, then every C is D
(kullamā kāna kull A B fa-kull C D) |
2. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))ai | Always, if every A is B, then some C is D
(kullamā kāna kull A B fa-baʿḍ C D) |
3. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))ia | Always, if some A is B, then every C is D
(kullamā kāna baʿḍ A B fa-kull C D) |
4. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))ii | Always, if some A is B, then some C is D
(kullamā kāna baʿḍ A B fa-baʿḍ C D) |
5. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))ee | Always, if no A is B, then no C is D
(kullamā kāna lā šayʾ min A B fa-lā šayʾ min C D) |
6. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))eo | Always, if no A is B, then not every C is D
(kullamā kāna lā šayʾ min A B fa-lā kull CD) |
7. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))oe | Always, if not every A is B, then no C is D |
8. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))oo | Always, if not every A is B, then not every C is D |
9. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))ae | Always, if every A is B, then no C is D |
10. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))ao | Always, if every A is B, then not every C is D |
11. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))ie | Always, if some A is B, then no C is D |
12. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))io | Always, if some A is B, then not every C is D |
13. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))ea | Always, if no A is B, then every C is D |
14. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))ei | Always, if no A is B, then some C is D |
15. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))oi | Always, if not every A is B, then some C is D |
16. | (a-\(\mathbb{C}\))oa | Always, if not every A is B, then every C is D |
Note that the luzūmī-ittifāqī distinction is often expressed by syntactic variations on the above forms, which typically involves prefixing the verb yalzamu (or its negation) to a declarative clause (e.g., for (1) “Always, when every A is B, it necessarily follows that every C is D”).
Laysa is often used for negation instead of lā.
B.1.2 Universal negative conditional
1. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))aa | Never, if every A is B, then every C is D
(laysa albattata in/iḏā … fa-…) |
2. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))ai | Never, if every A is B, then some C is D |
3. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))ia | Never, if some A is B, then every C is D |
4. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))ii | Never, if some A is B, then some C is D |
5. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))ee | Never, if no A is B, then no C is D |
6. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))eo | Never, if no A is B, then not every C is D |
7. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))oe | Never, if not every A is B, then no C is D |
8. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))oo | Never, if not every A is B, then not every C is D |
9. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))ae | Never, if every A is B, then no C is D |
10. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))ao | Never, if every A is B, then not every C is D |
11. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))ie | Never, if some A is B, then no C is D |
12. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))io | Never, if some A is B, then not every C is D |
13. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))ea | Never, if no A is B, then every C is D |
14. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))ei | Never, if no A is B, then some C is D |
15. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))oi | Never, if not every A is B, then some C is D |
16. | (e-\(\mathbb{C}\))oa | Never, if not every A is B, then every C is D |
B.1.3 Particular affirmative conditional
1. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))aa | Sometimes, if every A is B, then every C is D
(qad yakūnu iḏā … fa-…) |
2. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))ai | Sometimes, if every A is B, then some C is D |
3. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))ia | Sometimes, if some A is B, then every C is D |
4. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))ii | Sometimes, if some A is B, then some C is D |
5. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))ee | Sometimes, if no A is B, then no C is D |
6. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))eo | Sometimes, if no A is B, then not every C is D |
7. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))oe | Sometimes, if not every A is B, then no C is D |
8. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))oo | Sometimes, if not every A is B, then not every C is D |
9. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))ae | Sometimes, if every A is B, then no C is D |
10. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))ie | Sometimes, if some A is B, then no C is D |
11. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))ao | Sometimes, if every A is B, then not every C is D |
12. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))io | Sometimes, if some A is B, then not every C is D |
13. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))ea | Sometimes, if no A is B, then every C is D |
14. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))oa | Sometimes, if not every A is B, then every C is D |
15. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))ei | Sometimes, if no A is B, then some C is D |
16. | (i-\(\mathbb{C}\))oi | Sometimes, if not every A is B, then some C is D |
B.1.4 Particular negative conditional
1. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))aa | Not always, if every A is B, then every C is D
(laysa kullamā … fa-…) |
2. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))ia | Not always, if some A is B, then every C is D |
3. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))ai | Not always, if every A is B, then some C is D |
4. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))ii | Not always, if some A is B, then some C is D |
5. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))ee | Not always, if no A is B, then no C is D |
6. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))oe | Not always, if not every A is B, then no C is D |
7. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))eo | Not always, if no A is B, then not every C is D |
8. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))oo | Not always, if not every A is B, then not every C is D |
9. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))ae | Not always, if every A is B, then no C is D |
10. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))ao | Not always, if every A is B, then not every C is D |
11. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))ie | Not always, if some A is B, then no C is D |
12. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))io | Not always, if some A is B, then not every C is D |
13. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))ea | Not always, if no A is B, then every C is D |
14. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))ei | Not always, if no A is B, then some C is D |
15. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))oa | Not always, if not every A is B, then every C is D |
16. | (o-\(\mathbb{C}\))oi | Not always, if not every A is B, then some C is D |
B.2 Quantified Disjunctive Propositions with Quantified Parts
B.2.1 Universal affirmative disjunction
1. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))aa | Always, either every A is B or every C is D
(dāʾiman immā an yakūna … aw …) |
2. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))ai | Always, either every A is B or some C is D |
3. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))ia | Always, either some A is B or every C is D |
4. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))ii | Always, either some A is B or some C is D |
5. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))ee | Always, either no A is B or no C is D |
6. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))eo | Always, either no A is B or not every C is D |
7. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))oe | Always, either not every A is B or no C is D |
8. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))oo | Always, either not every A is B or not every C is D |
9. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))ae | Always, either every A is B or no C is D |
10. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))ao | Always, either every A is B or not every C is D |
11. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))ie | Always, either some A is B or no C is D |
12. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))io | Always, either some A is B or not every C is D |
13. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))ea | Always, either no A is B or every C is D |
14. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))ei | Always, either no A is B or some C is D |
15. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))oi | Always, either not every A is B or some C is D |
16. | (a-\(\mathbb{D}\))oa | Always, either not every A is B or every C is D |
B.2.2 Universal negative disjunction
1. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))aa | Never, either every A is B or every C is D
(laysa al-battata immā … wa-immā …) |
2. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))ai | Never, either every A is B or some C is D |
3. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))ia | Never, either some A is B or every C is D |
4. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))ii | Never, either some A is B or some C is D |
5. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))ee | Never, either no A is B or no C is D |
6. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))eo | Never, either no A is B or not every C is D |
7. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))oe | Never, either not every A is B or no C is D |
8. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))oo | Never, either not every A is B or not every C is D |
9. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))ae | Never, either every A is B or no C is D |
10. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))ao | Never, either every A is B or not every C is D |
11. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))ie | Never, either some A is B or no C is D |
12. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))io | Never, either some A is B or not every C is D |
13. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))ea | Never, either no A is B or every C is D |
14. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))ei | Never, either no A is B or some C is D |
15. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))oi | Never, either not every A is B or some C is D |
16. | (e-\(\mathbb{D}\))oa | Never, either not every A is B or every C is D |
B.2.3 Particular affirmative disjunction
1. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))aa | Sometimes, either every A is B or every C is D
(qad yakūnu immā an yakūna … aw …) |
2. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))ai | Sometimes, either every A is B or some C is D |
3. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))ia | Sometimes, either some A is B or every C is D |
4. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))ii | Sometimes, either some A is B or some C is D |
5. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))ee | Sometimes, either no A is B or no C is D |
6. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))eo | Sometimes, either no A is B or not every C is D |
7. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))oe | Sometimes, either not every A is B or no C is D |
8. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))oo | Sometimes, either not every A is B or not every C is D |
9. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))ae | Sometimes, either every A is B or no C is D |
10. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))ao | Sometimes, either every A is B or not every C is D |
11. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))ie | Sometimes, either some A is B or no C is D |
12. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))io | Sometimes, either some A is B or not every C is D |
13. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))ea | Sometimes, either no A is B or every C is D |
14. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))ei | Sometimes, either no A is B or some C is D |
15. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))oi | Sometimes, either not every A is B or some C is D |
16. | (i-\(\mathbb{D}\))oa | Sometimes, either not every A is B or every C is D |
B.2.4 Particular negative disjunction
1. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))aa | Not always, either every A is B or every C is D
(laysa dāʾiman immā … wa-immā …) |
2. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))ai | Not always, either every A is B or some C is D |
3. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))ia | Not always, either some A is B or every C is D |
4. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))ii | Not always, either some A is B or some C is D |
5. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))ee | Not always, either no A is B or no C is D |
6. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))eo | Not always, either no A is B or not every C is D |
7. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))oe | Not always, either not every A is B or no C is D |
8. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))oo | Not always, either not every A is B or not every C is D |
9. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))ae | Not always, either every A is B or no C is D |
10. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))ao | Not always, either every A is B or not every C is D |
11. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))ie | Not always, either some A is B or no C is D |
12. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))io | Not always, either some A is B or not every C is D |
13. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))ea | Not always, either no A is B or every C is D |
14. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))ei | Not always, either no A is B or some C is D |
15. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))oi | Not always, either not every A is B or some C is D |
16. | (o-\(\mathbb{D}\))oa | Not always, either not every A is B or every C is D |