What's New
Updates for the Last Three Months Listed in Reverse Chronological Order
[To read our RSS feed, load the following URL into your RSS Reader: https://plato.stanford.edu/rss/sep.xml]
[Note: All dates are given in UTC]
- Scientific Pluralism (David Ludwig and Stéphanie Ruphy) [REVISED: February 22, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Bruno Bauer (Douglas Moggach and Gabriele Schimmenti) [REVISED: February 20, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Atomism from the 17th to the 20th Century (Alan Chalmers and Klodian Coko) [REVISED: February 20, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Structuralism in Physics (Heinz-Juergen Schmidt) [REVISED: February 20, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Computer Simulations in Science (Eric Winsberg and Ramon Alvarado) [REVISED: February 19, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Evolutionary Approaches to Religion (Jason Marsh) [NEW: February 18, 2026]
- Foreknowledge and Free Will (David Hunt and Linda Zagzebski) [REVISED: February 17, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Nicolai Hartmann (Keith Peterson and Roberto Poli) [REVISED: February 17, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- David Lewis (Brian Weatherson) [REVISED: February 13, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Pierre Duhem (Roger Ariew) [REVISED: February 13, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Arcesilaus (Charles Brittain and Peter Osorio) [REVISED: February 13, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Presentism (David Ingram and Jonathan Tallant) [REVISED: February 12, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Sikh Philosophy (Arvind-Pal S. Mandair) [NEW: February 12, 2026]
- Peter Auriol (Russell L. Friedman and Giacomo Fornasieri) [REVISED: February 12, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Teleological Notions in Biology (Colin Allen and Jacob Neal) [REVISED: February 6, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Francisco Suárez (Christopher Shields and Daniel Schwartz) [REVISED: February 6, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html
- Suicide (Michael Cholbi and Brent Kious) [REVISED: February 5, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- The Emotions in Early Chinese Philosophy (Bongrae Seok) [REVISED: February 3, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Denis Diderot (Charles T. Wolfe and J.B. Shank) [REVISED: February 2, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Attention (Christopher Mole) [REVISED: February 2, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- John Philoponus (Christian Wildberg and Tommaso De Robertis) [REVISED: January 31, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Mally’s Deontic Logic (Gert-Jan Lokhorst, Stefania Centrone, and Pierluigi Minari) [REVISED: January 30, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html
- Informal Logic (Leo Groarke) [REVISED: January 28, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Marsilius of Padua (Alessandro Mulieri) [NEW: January 28, 2026]
- Dreams and Dreaming (Jennifer M. Windt) [REVISED: January 26, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Medieval Theories of the Syllogism (Henrik Lagerlund) [REVISED: January 26, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Life (Carlos Mariscal) [REVISED: January 23, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Philosophy of Immunology (Bartlomiej Swiatczak and Alfred I. Tauber) [REVISED: January 22, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Marriage and Domestic Partnership (Elizabeth Brake) [REVISED: January 21, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Property and Ownership (Jeremy Waldron and James Penner) [REVISED: January 21, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- The Analysis of Knowledge (Jonathan Ichikawa and Matthias Steup) [REVISED: January 21, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html
- Robin George Collingwood (Giuseppina D’Oro and James Connelly) [REVISED: January 20, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Gelukpa [dge lugs pa] (Douglas Duckworth) [REVISED: January 20, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Justice (David Miller) [REVISED: January 19, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Many-Valued Logic (João Marcos, Adam Přenosil, and Paul Egré) [NEW: January 17, 2026]
- Jacques Lacan (Adrian Johnston) [REVISED: January 16, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Forgiveness (Luke Russell and Brandon Warmke) [REVISED: January 16, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, history-western.html, science.html
- Toleration (Rainer Forst) [REVISED: January 16, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Hyperintensionality (Francesco Berto and Daniel Nolan) [REVISED: January 16, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- al-Ghazali (Frank Griffel) [REVISED: January 15, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Josiah Royce (Kelly A. Parker and Scott Pratt) [REVISED: January 15, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Material Constitution (Ryan Wasserman) [REVISED: January 14, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- The Ethics of Clinical Research (David Wendler) [REVISED: January 14, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Facts (Kevin Mulligan and Fabrice Correia) [REVISED: January 13, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, history-facts.html
- Well-Being (Roger Crisp) [REVISED: January 13, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Auguste Comte (Michel Bourdeau) [REVISED: January 13, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Jeremy Bentham (James E. Crimmins) [REVISED: January 13, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Animal Consciousness (Michael Trestman, Jonathan Birch, and Colin Allen) [REVISED: January 13, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, evidence.html
- John Austin (Brian Bix) [REVISED: January 12, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Leibniz on the Problem of Evil (Thomas Feeney) [NEW: January 12, 2026]
- Imagination (Daniel Munro, Shen-yi Liao, and Tamar Gendler) [REVISED: January 12, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Mental Imagery (Bence Nanay) [REVISED: January 12, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Susan Stebbing (Michael Beaney and Siobhan Chapman) [REVISED: January 12, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Ecological Genetics (Michael Wade) [REVISED: January 12, 2026]Changes to: Bibliography
- Theory and Observation in Science (Nora Mills Boyd and James Bogen) [REVISED: January 12, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Identity Over Time (Andre Gallois and Irem Kurtsal) [REVISED: January 12, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Japanese Philosophy (Thomas Kasulis and Raquel Bouso) [REVISED: January 11, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Skepticism (Juan Comesaña and Peter Klein) [REVISED: January 11, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html
- Principia Mathematica (Bernard Linsky and Andrew David Irvine) [REVISED: January 9, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness (Peter Carruthers and Rocco Gennaro) [REVISED: January 9, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, HOT-figure.svg, figdesc.html
- Molyneux’s Problem (Brian Glenney, Gabriele Ferretti, and Marjolein Degenaar) [REVISED: January 8, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- al-Fārābī’s Metaphysics (Stephen Menn) [REVISED: January 7, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html
- Philosophy of Cell Biology (William Bechtel and Andrew Bollhagen) [REVISED: January 6, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Regularity and Inferential Theories of Causation (Holger Andreas and Mario Guenther) [REVISED: January 5, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Paul Ricoeur (David Pellauer, Bernard Dauenhauer, and Scott Davidson) [REVISED: January 5, 2026]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Ontology and Information Systems (Adam Pease) [NEW: January 3, 2026]
- Robert Kilwardby (José Filipe Silva) [REVISED: December 30, 2025]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html
- The Coherence Theory of Truth (James O. Young) [REVISED: December 27, 2025]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Joane Petrizi (Tengiz Iremadze) [REVISED: December 27, 2025]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Walter Benjamin (Peter Osborne and Matthew Charles) [REVISED: December 23, 2025]Changes to: Main text, Bibliography
- Propositional Function (Edwin Mares) [REVISED: December 19, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography, notes.html) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Ludwik Fleck (Wojciech Sady) [REVISED: December 18, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Nicole Oresme (Stefan Kirschner) [REVISED: December 17, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Galileo Galilei (David Marshall Miller) [REVISED: December 17, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- John Duns Scotus (Thomas Williams) [REVISED: December 15, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- 20th Century Theories of Scientific Explanation (James Woodward and Lauren Ross) [NEW: December 12, 2025]
- Korean Buddhism (Lucy Hyekyung Jee) [REVISED: December 8, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Mathematical Style (Paolo Mancosu) [REVISED: December 8, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Arrow’s Theorem (Michael Morreau) [REVISED: December 7, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Global Democracy (Jonathan Kuyper) [REVISED: December 5, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Ibn ‘Arabī (William Chittick) [REVISED: December 5, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- States of Affairs (Mark Textor) [REVISED: December 5, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography, history.html) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Time (Nina Emery, Ned Markosian, and Meghan Sullivan) [REVISED: December 4, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Internalist vs. Externalist Conceptions of Epistemic Justification (Clayton Littlejohn) [NEW: December 4, 2025]
- Anarchism (Andrew Fiala) [REVISED: December 4, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Medieval Theories of Analogy (E. Jennifer Ashworth and Domenic D’Ettore) [REVISED: December 3, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Aristotle’s De Motu Animalium (Klaus Corcilius) [NEW: December 3, 2025]
- The Early Development of Set Theory (José Ferreirós) [REVISED: December 3, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on the Latin West (Dag Nikolaus Hasse) [REVISED: December 3, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Francis Bacon (Markku Peltonen) [NEW: December 2, 2025]
- Depiction (John Hyman and Katerina Bantinaki) [REVISED: November 30, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Albert the Great (Bruno Tremblay) [NEW: November 30, 2025]
- Aesthetics of the Everyday (Yuriko Saito) [REVISED: November 29, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Feminist History of Philosophy (Charlotte Witt, Lisa Shapiro, Christina Van Dyke, Lydia L. Moland, and Marcia Robinson) [REVISED: November 24, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Properties (Francesco Orilia and Michele Paolini Paoletti) [REVISED: November 24, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.
- Feminist Perspectives on Trans Issues (Talia Bettcher) [REVISED: November 21, 2025]Changes are prior to December 21, 2025 (Main text, Bibliography) and are available in Winter 2025 Edition.